Modal Verbs and Related Forms - all in one table! Present and Future Reference

Modal verbs are more than 'Can you speak English' and 'You mustn't smoke here'. They can be used to describe our abilities, express our predictions or give advice to our friends whether they want it or not :)
They are not as easy to learn as some may think because they change their meaning completely depending on the context in which they are put. And as if this wasn't enough - our English friends invented a whole bunch of expressions that mean exactly the same, depending on the context, of course! :)
Today we're going to have a look at most of them (yes, you've understood correctly, there are still some more of 'related forms!) in relation to present and future.
Study the table below and come up with our own examples!

Yes, it MAY be difficult.
Yes, it MIGHT take you a lot of time.
No, you MUSTN'T quit now.
Yes, of course that you CAN do it!
You'D BETTER start now!

Get the printatble version by clicking HERE. The printable version has much better layout and the bonus of 'Be able to' and 'Be bound to' - I simply couldn't make them fit in the online version :(

	Must	Can	Should	May	Might	Could	Ought to	Have to	Had better
Ability	-	When we talk about our physical and artistic skills: I can swim. I can’t sing well. Can you paint?	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Certainty and uncertainty	When we are sure about something: (Ex: You hear the phone ringing and you make a deduction) That must be Tom, he promised to call me after lunch.	We use 'can't' when we are sure that something is not possible: It can't cost this much!	When we expect something to happen: Peter should be at work by now. (I expect that he is)	Expresses uncertainty or a possibility: I may go to the cinema tomorrow. (I’m not sure yet)	Expresses uncertainty or a possibility: She might visit us tomorrow. (Maybe she will)	Expresses uncertainty or a possibility. Could is not used with NOT in this context! Anna could win this contest, who knows…	When we expect something to happen: She ought be at home, but call her first. (I expect that she is at home)	-	-
Obligation/ Giving advice and instructions	*When the speaker personally thinks something is important: You must study before this test! In negative sentences MUSTN’T expresses prohibition: You mustn’t smoke here! (It’s against the rules)	-	When we say what is the best thing to do. We give advice: You shouldn’t drink and drive!	-	-	-	When we say what is the best thing to do. We give advice: You ought to tell him how you feel about him.	*When the situation makes something necessary / Rules and Laws: You have to leave an extra 10% for the tip. (it’s the restaurant’s policy) In negative sentences ‘DON’T HAVE TO’ indicates that something is NOT NECESSARY but not prohibited: You don’t have to stay. (It’s not necessary, you have a choice)	When we say what is the best thing to do. We give advice. We use HAD BETTER to talk about a specific, particular situation, not some general problems: People had better look after the environment. -WRONG (general rule) You’d better help your mother more! – CORRECT (particular situation) You’d better not smoke here, there are children playing next to you!